石材的清洗与翻新 The cleaning and renovation of stone material 　　石材的病症基本上可分为两大类:一类是石材微孔被异物占据,而石材本身微结构还未受到明显破坏,如多数锈黄斑、有机色斑、盐斑与白华、水迹和水斑、油斑和油污斑等等。对于这类病症,专业清洗是首选方法。另一类是石材微结构已经受到一定程度的破坏,如表面失光、粉化、起壳剥落、孔洞、裂纹等。对于第二类病症,一般使用翻新方法。 Stone disease basically can be divided into two categories: one kind is stone material microporous occupied by a foreign body, and the microstructure of stone material itself is not obvious damage, such as most rust macular, chlorosis, salt and organic hua, water and water pollution, oil stain and oil spot and so on. Professional cleaning is the preferred method for this type of disease. The other type is the stone microstructure has been damaged by some extent, such as surface loss, powdery, peeling off the shell, holes, cracks and so on. For the second type of disease, general use of retrofit. 　　专业清洗。这是针对石材病不同成因和不同对象进行清洗的方法。我们已经多次论述石材或石质文物的清洗技术,这里主要集中于装饰石材的己深入石材微孔的污迹的清洗,我们称之为石材的“深层清洗”。一般讲,石材深层清洗至少应包括以下三个步骤：清洗剂经过渗透过程进入石材的微孔隙；清洗剂在石材微孔隙中与污垢分子发生物理的或化学的作用；通过吸出或稀释等步骤清除清洗作用后的残留物。 Professional cleaning. This is a method for cleaning the different causes of stone disease and different objects. We have multiple cleaning technique of stone or stone relics in this paper, mainly focus on decorative stone here has deep stone microporous stains cleaning, we call it "deep cleaning" of stone material. In general, the deep cleaning of the stone should include the following three steps: the process of the cleaning agent through the penetration process into the micropores of the stone material; The physical or chemical role of the cleaning agent in the micropore of the stone material; Remove the residue after the cleaning action by suction or dilution.